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George Crumb (born October 24, 1929) is an American composer of avant-garde music. He is noted as an explorer of unusual timbres, alternative forms of notation, and extended instrumental and vocal techniques. Examples include seagull effect for the cello (e.g. Vox Balaenae), metallic vibrato for the piano (e.g. ''Five Pieces for Piano''), and using a mallet to play the strings of a contrabass (e.g. ''Madrigals, Book I''), among numerous others. He is not an electronic music composer; however, many works call for amplification of instruments, such as ''Black Angels'' (string quartet) or ''Ancient Voices of Children'' (mixed ensemble). Crumb defines music as "a system of proportions in the service of spiritual impulse."〔Gillespie, Donald, ed. (1986) ''George Crumb: Profile of a Composer'', C. F. Peters Corporation, 1986, p.77〕 ==Biography== Crumb was born in Charleston, West Virginia, and began to compose at an early age. He studied music first at the Mason College of Music in Charleston where he received his bachelor's degree in 1950. He obtained his master's degree at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and then briefly studied in Berlin before returning to the United States to study at the University of Michigan, from which he received his D.M.A. in 1959. Crumb has earned his living primarily from teaching. His first teaching job was at a college in Virginia, before he became professor of piano and composition at the University of Colorado in 1958. In 1965 he began a long association with the University of Pennsylvania, becoming Annenberg Professor of the Humanities in 1983.〔Cope, David, ''Biography'' in Gillespie, ''op.cit.'', p.15〕 Some of his most prominent students include Margaret Brouwer, Uri Caine, Christopher Rouse, Osvaldo Golijov, Jennifer Higdon, Cynthia Cozette Lee, Yen Lu, James Primosch, Ricardo Zohn-Muldoon, Ofer Ben-Amots, Morris Rosenzweig, Andrew Frank and Gerald Levinson. Crumb retired from teaching in 1997, though in early 2002 was appointed with David Burge to a joint residency at Arizona State University. He has continued to compose. Crumb has been the recipient of a number of awards, including the Pulitzer Prize for Music in 1968 for his orchestral work ''Echoes of Time and the River'' and a Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Composition in 2000 for his work ''Star-Child'' .〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=2000 Grammy Award Winners )〕 Crumb's son, David Crumb, is a successful composer and, since 1997, assistant professor at the University of Oregon. George Crumb's daughter, Ann Crumb, is a successful actress and singer. She recorded his ''Three Early Songs'' for the CD ''George Crumb 70th Birthday Album'' (1999), and has also performed his ''Unto the Hills'' (2001).〔(Anncrumb.com )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「George Crumb」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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